Oncology – DSMIG

Overview

Large population-based studies have shown that a wide range of solid tumours occur significantly less frequently in children and adults with Down syndrome when compared with individuals without Down Syndrome.
Some solid tumours seem to be more common; these include germ cell tumours, especially testicular tumours in boys/young men, and liver tumours.
Treatment options need to be individualised regarding co-morbidities and communication difficulties.
- Prognosis is often as good or better in people with Down Syndrome with solid tumours.
- People with Down syndrome may be more susceptible to complications of chemotherapy.
Cancer prevention strategies including advice on exercise and weight control will be appropriate, and as for the general population.
Research into the reasons for the protective effect of Down syndrome in some cancers is ongoing.
Haematological malignancies (AML and to a lesser extent ALL) are 10-20 times more common in individuals with Down syndrome, but are very rare over the age of 30 – see Blood Disorders topic page
Prognosis may be worse in people with ALL and Down Syndrome.

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Last reviewed: May 28th 2020 Dr Sarah Morris, Consultant Paediatrician